#IFTIKHAR KULLO GOGGLE SCHOLAR FULL#
In addition, we carried out a specific test of pleiotropy using the full range of variation in the relevant quantitative traits. The top SNPs (that is, those meeting genome-wide significance, choosing one SNP per gene with the smallest P value) identified by the meta-analyses were tested in each study population for their association with each of the five dichotomized traits: WC, HDLC, TG, GLUC, and BP. A homogeneity test for each SNP across studies is reported in Supplementary Tables 1–6 the tests were not significant, indicating the data could be combined for the meta-analysis. Based on the Q-Q plots for GWAS results, all studies demonstrated a reasonable compliance to the null expectation. As a result, these percentages of imputed markers were used in the meta-analyses: ADVANCE case, 81.4% ADVANCE control, 81.2% ARIC, 85.2% CHS, 69.6% FHS, 85.5% GeneSTAR, 79.4% GENOA, 84.1% and NFBC, 86.1% representing ∼2 million SNPs for the combined analyses. SNPs with R 2-hat <0.3 (for studies that imputed using MACH), proper info <0.4 (IMPUTE), or variance ratio <0.3 (BIMBAM), as well as those with study-specific minor allele frequency <5% were filtered out from meta-analysis. Each study provided GWA results for 11 traits to the Data Coordinating Center (Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO) for the meta-analysis. In each study, ∼2.5 million SNPs were imputed based on the HapMap (of European origin) CEU panel. Institutional Subscriptions and Site Licenses.Special Edition Series: Disrupting Therapeutic Inertia in Diabetes Management.Special Edition: SGLT2 Inhibitors and Diabetic Kidney Disease.Special Edition Series: SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes.Special Edition Series: Diabetes and Influenza.Special Edition: Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.Special Edition Series: COVID-19 and Diabetes.
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